Main bodies of the United Nations Organization (UNO).
The United Nations, which is called in English (United nations), is a very important subject for many types of examinations, information related to the organs of the United Nations is asked in all examinations.
The United Nations Organization or United Nations is an international organization that works at the international level to maintain security in society, protect human rights, economic development, social development and to maintain peace in the world.
The need for the establishment of the United Nations arose because in view of the deadly consequences of the First World War, the world felt that there must be an international organization for security and settlement of conflicts, due to which the 'League of Nations' was established, but this organization Failed to stop the Second World War and its fatal consequences, that is why on 24 October 1945, immediately after the end of World War II, this organization was established by the signing of the UNO Declaration by 51 countries and the 'League Off' from this organization. Nation' was expected to do good work.
UNO is a deliberative organization, it is not right to consider it as the solution to all problems, but still UNO and its agencies have a lot of importance, its current number of members is 193.
Explanation of the main organs of the United Nations:
1. General Assembly
The General Assembly is an important part of the United Nations Association, it can discuss matters related to peace, security and human rights.
The General Assembly is a unique organ of the UNO, in which all its member countries have membership, in which each member-nation has the right to vote only one.
The General Assembly decides all important questions like (international security and peace, the election of non-permanent members of the Security Council, the inclusion of new states in the union and the expulsion of the members of the union) by a two-thirds majority.
Except for the important question, all other matters are decided by the General Assembly by a simple majority.
There is a meeting of the General Assembly in a year, if necessary, its other meeting can also be called.
The General Assembly can consider questions related to human rights, peace and security, but if the Security Council is considering any question, the General Assembly does not have the right to consider it.
The General Assembly together with the Security Council challenges the judges of the International Court of Justice.
The General Assembly considers the budget of the UNO and gives its approval on it.
2. Security Council
The Security Council is an important part of the UNO, it has a total of 15 members.
The Security Council has five permanent members (China, Russia, France, the US and the UK).
In this, 10 nations are elected as non-permanent members for a term of 2 years.
The Security Council gives the disputed nation an opportunity to negotiate and resolve the matter among themselves.
The Security Council can also take military action against a criminal state.
The recommendation of the Security Council is required to make new states a member of the UNO, only after that the General Assembly can make it a member of the UNO.
All permanent members of the Security Council get 'veto power', which we also call prohibition power, during the Cold War, the Security Council was unable to take any decision due to the use of 'veto power' by the members.
The 'veto' power of any permanent member can weaken the decision of the Security Council because the Security Council cannot take any efficient action due to the negative vote of the permanent member.
3. Economic and Social Council
This council meets twice a year in New York and Geneva, there are a total 54 members of this council.
This council organizes conferences to discuss questions related to educational, health, medical, cultural, economic and social.
Due to the high workload on this council, it completes its work properly through various commissions and committees (Population Commission, Human Rights Commission, Economic Development Commission etc.).
There are some standing committees of the Economic and Social Council (Technical Assistance Committee, Industrial Development Committee, Committee for preparing agenda of various conferences etc.).
The distribution of 54 member seats of this council is as follows – 10 members for Latin America and Caribbean, 13 for Western Europe and other countries, 14 seats for African countries, 11 seats for Asian countries and 6 seats for Eastern European countries.
4. International Court of Justice
The number of judges in the International Court of Justice is 15, who are elected by the Security Council and the General Assembly for 9 years, 5 judges take leave after every 3 years.
The International Court of Justice was established in 1946 in The Hague 'Netherlands' on 3rd April.
The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is divided into three parts: voluntary, advisory and compulsory jurisdiction.
5. Trust Council or Trusteeship Council
The main function of this council was to see whether the economic and social development of the territories which were handed over to them after the Second World War was happening or not.
The Trust Council was assigned 11 nations such as Tanganyika, France and Britain, which are now either independent or part of a sovereign state.
In 1994, on 1 November, the Trust Council was adjourned as there was no work left with it.
6. Secretariat
The Secretariat is called the administrative organ of the United Nations.
The head of the Secretariat is the 'Secretary-General' who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The Secretary-General serves for 5 years.
The Secretariat has a large staff in addition to the General Secretary.
The Secretary-General can participate in all the conferences of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the General Assembly and the Trust Council.
The Secretary General of the United Nations in the year 2020 is Antonio Guterres.
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