What is a computer ? Definition, types, benefits, history, features.
In today's time computers have become an integral part of human life. Without the use of computers in daily life, any task seems impossible.
You must also know that computers are used in many everyday tasks, such as:- Computers are used in ticket booking, online results, on-line study, internet etc.
definition of computer
“Computer is such an electronic device that reads the input data and a set of instructions, processes them with high speed and precision and gives the desired output (result-output). Computer is a machine made by assembling many types of equipment. The names of these devices are- keyboard (as in keyboard-typewriter), screen or monitor (in the form of visual display unit), central processing unit (CPU), magnetic recorder/disk and printer. ,
type of computer
Whenever we hear the name of the word computer, then only the picture of personal computer comes to mind. Although there are many types of computers, they are of different shapes and sizes, but we use them according to our needs.
Like withdrawing money from an ATM, a scanner to scan someone, a calculator to do big calculations, these are all different types of computers.
Analog Computer
Analog computer is a computer which is being used very fast in today's science and engineering department. This computer is used to measure physical quantities such as resistive volume, measuring speed, voltage, temperature, pressure height and length. Thermometer is a good example of this, so that we can easily find out the patient's temperature or temperature and the speed of the analog computer is good but its data cannot be stored. Huh.
Digital Computer
Digital computer is a bit different from an analog computer when we enter any data on the computer and the computer accesses and processes the data and digital output on the screen. As it appears, it works well as a calculator, as when we fill petrol in the bike, then the amount of petrol and money appears on the computer screen, by storing and saving these data in the computer. Can keep and the result of data in a digital computer is correct from an analog computer.
Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computers include digital and analog computers. It is helpful in doing the work of these two computers, mostly this computer is used in hospitals like patient's temperature and blood pressure through analog computer then after that through digital computer. The temperature is converted into digital or numbers and with this, the patient's illness can be detected accurately. These computers work on the signals of heat, pressure, electric current, they also work on the basis of numbers.
History of Computer
In 1969 AD, scientists from the US Department of Defense developed the research ARPANET computer network to connect different computers. It was the world's first computer network based on packet switching technology. After this the Internet developed.
In 1971, Intel company scientist Dr. Ted Hoff created the world's first commercial microprocessor 'Intel 4004', which resulted in the existence of fourth generation computers.
In 1973, the Xerox company made the first mini computer, the Xerox Alto. It used high resolution screens and large internal and external memory, which later became the basis of personal computers.
In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the founders of the Apple company, manufactured the first personal computer (PC). This marked the beginning of the era of personal computers (PC's).
In 1980, Bill Gates (co-founder of Microsoft company) developed the operating system for personal computers, M.S. Developed DOS (MS-DOS).
IBM The corporation launched its first personal computer on the market. Due to its small size, low cost and high capacity, it proved to be commercially revolutionary. After this the race to make computers started.
In 1984, the Apple company introduced the Macintosh in the personal computer market, in which the graphical user interface and mouse were used for the first time.
In 1988, Intel made a microprocessor named Intel 486, which had one million transistors. It was a 32 bit microprocessor.
In 1991, the rules for the use of the World Wide Web (www) were made, due to which the standard methods of putting information on the Internet and getting it. This further opened up the widespread use of the Internet.
Way of all-round expansion In 1992, Microsoft launched its operating system Windows 3.1 based on a graphical user interface. It was very successful and became the basis for the development of many such operating systems. After this, Windows 95, Windows 98 and other latest versions were developed respectively.
What are the features of a computer?
Automation :-
The computer does all the calculation work and data processing work automatically. In this, once the person enters the data and after giving instructions, it does all the remaining work automatically. Therefore, the requirement of people to complete the work through computers is minimal.
It processes the program or instructions stored by its operator and provides the result or output according to the instructions. Hence, it operates automatically during the process without user's control and provides the results we want. Therefore, the computer has the quality of automation.
Speed:-
The first, most important and biggest quality of computers is their fast speed of computation. Computers perform tasks at amazingly high speed without error. The work which is completed by an ordinary person in several hours, the same work is completed by the computer in the smallest part of a second. The speed of computers is measured in terms of milliseconds (10-3 seconds), microseconds (10 seconds) and nanoseconds (10 seconds).
Accuracy :-
Computer completes its work with utmost precision and without error. It does not make any error in processing the data or data. It transmits wrong information or results only when wrong data is input or wrong instructions are given.
Reliability :-
The memory and accuracy of the computer is of a very high level, due to which all the processes in or related to the computer are reliable. We can retrieve the data and information stored in the computer again after any period of time. In this way, computers are more reliable than humans because they never get tired of repeating repetitive tasks like humans.
High Storage Capacity:-
Computers can store large amounts of data. It can store many documents, articles, pictures, movies, songs, programs etc. in its memory for a long time, which can be stored at any time when needed. can be used. On the other hand, a human being able to store only a little information in his memory, forgets most of the information. Apart from this, there are external storage devices with computers for storing information and data, in which we can store any number of data.
Versatile: -
Computers can perform many types of tasks. Many tasks can be done with this at the same time. Songs can be heard while typing any text on it or while playing games on it. While working on a package, calculations, drawing diagrams, graphing, surfing the net, e-mailing etc. can be done. This computer is now widely used in most of the tasks of human life. Now it is being used in all fields like education, medicine, industry, scientific, astronomy, space research, banking and finance, transport, sports, astrology, literature and publications etc.
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