What is an atom? Particles, Structure, Dalton's theory?
The smallest particle or basic particle of any element or substance that participates independently in the chemical reaction of that element. The atom of that element or substance is called. Moreover, the atom is indivisible. About 100 years ago, the proof of the indivisible relation of the atom was proved by the scientist Dalton. But now this proof has been proved wrong. With respect to the atom, it is now believed that the atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons. Apart from this, the basic particles of any element or substance are electrons, protons, neutrons.
What is an atom?
Atoms The smallest (i.e. the smallest) particles of any element from which molecules are formed and which take part in chemical reactions without decomposition, they are called atoms. Any atom is chemically prime. But atoms can be broken down into their constituent particles by extraordinary physical methods. The size of the atoms is very small and the atomic weight is very less.
atomic structure
In the early days when the atom was discovered. Then scientists defined the atom and said that “Atom is the smallest particle of matter. which cannot be broken” but this concept proved to be wrong. According to modern scientists – an atom is the smallest unit of matter. With whom our whole world is made. ,
Dalton's atomic theory
According to Dalton's atomic theory, we knew that the particles of the atom were indivisible and indestructible. But the discovery of the two fundamental particles of the atom, the electron and the proton, proved this concept of Dalton's atomic theory wrong.
Thus the discovery of electrons and protons proved that atoms are divisible and have their own internal structure. Therefore, to explain the internal structure of atoms, many scientists presented models of the structure of different types of atoms.
At the time of the presentation of the atomic structure, only the two fundamental smallest particles—the electron and the proton—were invented, at this time no information was known about the smallest fundamental particle, the neutron. There are mainly three models related to the structure of the atom - Thomson model, Rutherford model and Bohr model, which we will discuss further.
Atoms are made up of three particles.
electron
proton
neutron
Example-
Many atoms have a positively charged nucleus that contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. At its most basic level, an atom is any particle of matter that has at least one proton. Here are some examples of atoms:
Hydrogen (H) and Neon (Ne).
Definition of electron
An electron is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative with an elementary charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally considered to be elementary particles because they have no known constituents or barriers.
Definition of neutron
A neutron is a non-chargeable fundamental particle, which is found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. It was discovered by James Chadwick in 1931. It is represented by the n symbol.
definition of proton
It is an essential particle of an atom, carrying a unit positive charge. Its mass is approximately equal to the mass of a hydrogen atom.
atomic element
Atoms are made up of atomic elements
Whose names are –
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom and electrons revolve around this nucleus. The electron revolves around the nucleus of the atom at a very high speed.
Different elements are separated on the basis of the number of protons and electrons found in them, e.g. the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of gold is 79 and the atomic nucleus of carbon has only 6 protons.
atomic number and mass
Number The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element is called atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called the mass number.
isotopes
Atoms of the same atomic number but different atomic masses are called isotopes. Isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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