What is the parliament? Definition and parts of parliament?
Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and the President are the members of these three are called Parliament, whenever a new law is made, all three together pass it, only after passing them, it is considered that this law has been passed by the Parliament. But if a law is already going on, it has to be removed, then in that case a two-thirds majority is required. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting of the Parliament.
What is the Parliament called?
Parliament is the highest legislative body of India. The Indian Parliament consists of the President and two houses - the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President has the power to summon or adjourn either of the Houses of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. The first general elections under the new constitution were held in the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into existence in April, 1952, the second Lok Sabha in April, 1957, the third Lok Sabha in April 1962, the fourth Lok Sabha in March 1967, the fifth Lok Sabha In March 1971, Sixth Lok Sabha in March 1977, Seventh Lok Sabha in January 1980, Eighth Lok Sabha in December 1984, Ninth Lok Sabha in December 1989, Tenth Lok Sabha in June 1991, Eleventh Lok Sabha in May 1996, Twelfth Lok Sabha in March 1998, Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October 1999 In India, Fourteenth Lok Sabha came into existence in May 2004, Fifteenth Lok Sabha in April 2009, Sixteenth Lok Sabha in May 2014 and Seventeenth Lok Sabha in May 2019.
Following are the functions of Parliament:-
The function of Parliament is to control the executive.
The main function of any legislature is to make laws, Parliament makes laws on all those subjects which are included in both the Union List and the Concurrent List.
Parliament has to control important finances.
All important administrative policies are discussed in the Parliament, Parliament keeps its consultation and decision in it.
Parliament does the work of amending the constitution, that amendment is introduced in the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.
The work of Parliament is also done in the election of President and Vice President.
Members of Parliament perform judicial functions.
Some of the powers of the Parliament are as follows:-
Parliament has the power to make laws.
Parliament has full power over the finances, money is withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of India only by the law made by the Parliament.
The member of parliament controls the council of ministers through several resolutions and keeps the council of ministers accountable to the parliament.
Parliament can dissolve the states and unite several states to form one state and or can include any existing state in another existing state.
Parliament has the right to amend the constitution, but this right is not unlimited, the parliament cannot change the constitution by amendment of the constitution.
Elected members of Parliament do not participate in the election of the President and Parliament elects the Vice President.
Parliament has the power of impeachment.
To become a member of Parliament, one has to take care of many things which are as follows:-
The person should not already be holding any government office of profit.
To become a Lok Sabha MP, a candidate must be a citizen of India.
The minimum age of that person should be 25 years.
That person should not be insanely bankrupt.
That candidate should have true allegiance to the Constitution.
Parts of parliament
There are three types of Parliament, Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha and President, there are different procedures for becoming a Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha MP, which are as follows.
Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha MPs are directly elected by the public, the maximum number of Lok Sabha members is 552.
It has 530 member states and 20 member union territories.
The allocation of seats in each state is done according to the population of the state.
There are 131 seats for the people of SC and ST category, in which 84 seats are for SC and 47 seats are for the people of ST category.
Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha members are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assembly, in which the members of the Legislative Council cannot vote.
In the election of Rajya Sabha, all the MLAs vote for their favorite candidate, after that a minimum of 10 members are required to nominate for the second and third time.
Those seats are divided among the members of Rajya Sabha.
The number of its representatives in the Rajya Sabha depends on the population.
Rajya Sabha has seats for 250 members.
In the Rajya Sabha, 12 members are elected by the President and 238 are elected by the Union Territories and States.
President
In the case of the first session after the general election is held, the President addresses both the Houses of Parliament assembled together after the oath or affirmation has been made by the members and the Speaker is elected. It usually takes two days to complete these initial formalities. In the case of the first session of every year, the President's Address is to be held at the time and date notified for the commencement of the session of both the Houses of Parliament. Half an hour after the end of the Address, both the Houses hold separate sittings in their respective Houses and a copy of the President's Address is laid on the Table and included in the minutes of the proceedings of each House.
No separate invitation is issued to the members for the President's Address. He is informed about the date, time and place fixed for the President's address through the Parliamentary Bulletin. At the time fixed for the President's Address, members of both the Houses of Parliament assemble in the Central Hall of the Parliament House where the President delivers his address. New members who have not taken oath or affirmation are also allowed to enter the Central Hall on the occasion of the President's Address on production of the Certificate of Election issued to them by the Returning Officer or the invitation sent to them for the session. . In the Central Hall, the Prime Minister, the members of the Cabinet, the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha are allotted seats in the first row. Other ministers are also allotted space together. The Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha is also allotted a seat in the first row. The leaders of other parties/groups are also given a suitable place. The seats in the second row are allotted to the members of the chairman's table and the chairpersons of parliamentary committees. The members may sit at any other place on the remaining seats which are not allotted or fixed.
The President's address to both the Houses of Parliament assembled together is a dignified and ceremonial act under the Constitution. The occasion is accorded with utmost dignity and decency. Any act done by a member which outrages the dignity of or obstructs the occasion of the President's address, is punishable by the House of which he is a member. Members are expected to take their seats five minutes before the President's arrival in the Central Hall.
Those spectators, who have been issued passes for the occasion, are also requested to take their seats half an hour before the scheduled time for the President's Address. It is a tradition that no member shall leave the Central Hall in the middle of the President's Address. The President arrives at the Parliament House (North West Portico) in a state carriage or car and is received by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and the Secretary-General of both the Houses. The President is taken in a procession to the Central Hall. From where the procession passes, that is, from the main entrance of the Parliament House to the Central Hall, a red carpet is laid.
As the President's procession enters the corridor of the Central Hall, the Marshal (Honorable Members, Honorable President) already on the stage announces the President's arrival. Along with this, two bugle-players standing in the gallery above the stage keep on sounding the bugle till the President reaches the stage. At that time all the members stand up in their respective places and the members stand till the President sits down on his seat.
Reaching the front of the stage in the central hall, the procession splits into two parts; The President sits on the middle seat, to his right the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and to the left the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The General Secretaries and other officials of both the Houses involved in the procession move towards the chairs placed on the right and left of the stage in the Central Hall. When the President reaches his place on the stage, the band players in the lobby of the Central Hall to his right play the national anthem while everyone stands in their respective places. After that, when the President sits down, the Presiding Officer and the members take their seats. Thereafter, the President's address is read in Hindi or in English. The Address is read in another language by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. At the end of the address, the President stands up and with him the members also stand up and the national anthem is played again. After that the President leaves the Central Hall in the procession as soon as he arrives. The members stand until the procession is over. After reaching the entrance of the Parliament House, the President takes off from the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. The Secretary General of both the houses are also present on this occasion. After that the President leaves for Rashtrapati Bhavan.
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