What is an earthquake? Cause and effects, prevention..
An earthquake is a crisis that strikes suddenly. Earthquakes occur at any time, suddenly, without warning. An earthquake is a phenomenon that causes movement and vibration of the earth's surface. This vibration occurs in the form of a wave. As these waves move away from the centre, their strength and intensity decrease. The effect of earthquakes is in two forms. The first effect is transmitted by waves around the center of origin, this is the horizontal effect. The second effect occurs vertically up and down in the surface parts. This type of earthquake is very destructive.
The place from where the earthquake starts is called the epicenter. This is the first experience of earthquake waves and movements on the surface, the waves which propagate from the earthquake center are called waves. The magnitude and magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. There are many reasons for the origin of earthquakes.
It is believed that the Earth's surface is made up of large plates. These plates move towards each other due to the internal heat of the earth. Earthquakes occur due to their sliding or spreading. Where two plates meet, mountains are formed and where they move out, a new surface is formed, volcanic eruptions are related to these.
Cause of earthquake
There are many reasons for the occurrence of earthquakes, but most of the major earthquakes occur only due to the vibration of the surface. When due to any reason there is a crack in the earth or the earth balance is disturbed, as a result earthquakes occur. Apart from this, some of the main additional causes of earthquake are as follows-
1. Fault in Earth's crust
The pressure stress caused by geological forces causes cracks in surface rocks. This leads to the formation of fault valleys and obstructed mountains. During this period, rocks move up and down and here and there. Therefore, due to their sudden movement, earthquakes are generated.
2. Shrinkage in the crust
According to Geologist Gyan and Beaumonde, "The temperature of the earth decreases due to the radiation of heat from the earth, due to which the upper layer of the earth cools down, and begins to shrink and when this shrinkage intensifies, an earthquake occurs." is generated.
3. Dislocation in land balance
Different parts of the earth's crust usually remain in a balanced state, but sometimes due to geology and other reasons, this balanced state becomes disorganized, then to restore the balance on the crust again, there is a movement in the surface rocks, as a result of which earthquakes arise. Happens. As the balance is disturbed due to soil-erosion in the newly curved mountainous places, then there is movement in the surface rocks to restore the balance, due to which earthquakes are generated.
4. Volcanic Action
According to geologists, "Studying the earthquake-prone areas, it has been known that earthquakes often occur in that weak part of the land, where volcanoes erupt. The eruption of volcanoes is geological, very strong and strong gases and water vapor breaking the weak crust above These gases and water vapor make severe shocks under the crust and as a result earthquakes are generated.
5. Diffusion of gases
When water reaches inside the land due to some reason, it gets converted into water vapor due to high temperature and when the amount of this gas in the land increases excessively, then it comes out of the ground on the lower rocks of the land. It strikes, due to which the ground starts vibrating and as a result earthquakes are generated.
6. Plate Tectonics
Earth plates move slowly in the land, but sometimes there is an obstruction in their movement, due to which the tension and pressure in the land increases and the land starts breaking with cracks, resulting in earthquakes.
7. Aquatic load
Due to the water load in the rocks at the bottom of the huge reservoirs created by humans, the earth balance process starts, due to which the rocks start moving and earthquakes occur as a result of this change.
Effects of earthquake
Earthquakes are considered a curse for humans due to their destructive effect but there are some beneficial effects of earthquakes as well.
Destructive effect
Destruction of cities and loss of life and property.
Damage to bridges, railway tracks, buildings etc. due to infrastructure.
Accidental accidents like landslides, floods, fires due to earthquakes.
A tsunami-like disaster occurs due to an earthquake in the sea.
Earthquake gauge
Richter scale is used to measure earthquake intensity. Earthquakes are recorded with an instrument called a seismograph. Most earthquakes on Earth are of low intensity. But they are so light that people do not realize them. Apocalypse occurs when the magnitude of earthquakes is greater than 8. Due to the increase of population, urban density and high-rise buildings, the catastrophe of earthquakes becomes more severe.
Earthquake prevention measures
If you are in a lift from inside a building, then get down immediately, in such a situation, stairs are used to get down from the building.
Turn off the electrical current in the house and unplug every electronic item from the electrical socket.
If you get trapped inside the house or building, then hide inside the table, post, desk kept in the house.
The most important thing is that in such a situation, try to keep yourself completely calm, because of panic, think about how to get out of this situation, because in such a situation, people suffer a lot due to being in a panic.
If you are driving at that time, slow down the car and park it at an empty spot. Keep sitting in the car until the tremors are over.
If you are stuck somewhere inside, do not run, it can cause more shocks.
Try to stay away from trees and power lines.
If you are outside on the road or in the market, reach out to a nearby field or open space.
Don't use the lift as a sudden power outage can make you laugh.
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