cold war
The Cold War was the only war in the history of the world in which no weapons were used. And there was no hesitation in it. This was such a war, whose battlefield was the human brain. It was a war that filled the relations between different countries with hatred.
Some scholars have defined this war as
Delivered through your own words. Which is as follows-
In the words of Dr. M. M. Rajan, 'The Cold War is a mixed result of the politics of power struggle. It is the result of a clash of two ideologies. The result is two types of conflicting systems. The proportion of which varies according to the time and circumstances, as a complement to each other.
According to Jawaharlal Nehru, “The Cold War is a new form of the ancient concept of balance of power. This is not a struggle of ideas but a mutual struggle of two giant powers.
According to Louis Halle, “The Cold War is a situation in the nuclear age which is quite different from an arms war but a more terrible war than that. It is a war that has embroiled international problems instead of solving them. All the countries and problems of the world, whether it is Vietnam, whether it is Kashmir or Korea or the Arab-Israeli conflict, have all been used as pieces of the Cold War. This is an atmosphere of war - the Cold War is not a real war. The area of the Cold War is world wide.
What was the Cold War? cold war meaning
After the Second World War, the world was divided into two factions - the capitalist faction and the communist faction. The capitalist bloc was led by America and the communist bloc was led by the Soviet Union. The name of the expression of these two superpowers and their mutual relationship was the Cold War. After the Second World War, the animosity and bitterness between the two superpowers increased. A struggle of political propaganda broke out between the two superpowers for political dominance. It was a war whose battlefield was the human mind.
In the opinion of NN Dhar, "Cold War is said to be those bitter relations developed between America and Russia after the Second World War, due to which the two nations became mutual rivals for the third world war."
The battlefield of the Cold War was the human mind. In fact, the Cold War was a new art to avoid genocide and its effects and to achieve the goal of war, in which the war was fought with paper balls, newspapers, newspapers and radio propaganda. The Cold War was that situation of Soviet-US relations in which both sides, despite maintaining peaceful diplomatic relations, were hostile to each other and tried to undermine each other's position and power by all means other than war of arms. . In fact, the Cold War was a propaganda war in which one superpower resorted to hate propaganda against the other.
start of cold war
After World War II, the two superpowers left in the world, America and Russia. Allied differences were exposed even before the end of the war. So the world was divided into eastern and western camps. This Cold War was mainly fought through newspapers and other propaganda tools. The term Cold War was first used by Barnard of America on April 16, 1946.
This war went through several phases which are as follows.
Phase I (1945-1950)
European countries were already skeptical of Russia's communist principles, their doubts were proved right when Russia rejected the decision to establish a provisional government in Poland and took control of the whole of Poland in the Yalta Conference, 1945 AD and suppressed nationalism and democracy. Did. Similarly, Stalin broke the agreement with Churchill and annexed the entire Balkan state. England and America withdrew troops from Iran during the Second World War. But Russia refused to withdraw the army. To get facilities in Turkey, a rebellion was made in Greece. Seeing these actions, in 1947 Tyumen announced financial assistance to the government of Turkey, Greece. In response to this, Russia made Comin Farm and Molotov Plan in 1947 AD and established the Council of Economic Cooperation of Communist Countries. When the communist government was established in Czechoslovakia in 1948 AD and when America, Britain, France made their Germany a tri-region, Russia protested and besieged Berlin and established the German Democratic Republic. Thus Germany became a federal republic, controlled by three powers. The US created NATO and SITO against Russia. In 1949, with the help of Russia, Mausoleum Tung formed a communist government in China, then Chiangkai Shek formed a nationalist government and Western countries did not allow China to become a member of the United Nations.
Phase II (1950–1953)
In the first phase, the impact of the Cold War was limited only to Europe and East America, but in the second phase, its effect was starting to take place in Asia as well. When Korea was divided, one part was occupied by America and the other by Russia. Both formed their supported governments in their respective jurisdictions. North Korea attacked South Korea in 1950 AD on the inspiration of Russia. In which there was a lot of cold war and direct ceasefire happened in 1953 AD.
Phase III (1953–1959)
During this time internal conflict was going on in Russia. And in this internal struggle, in 1958 AD, successfully became the Prime Minister. He abandoned the Stalin policy and expressed his belief in world peace and disarmament and the end of the Cold War. Although there was a cold war between Russia and European countries on Vietnam for Indochina, in 1954 AD, the Geneva Convention was negotiated and divided Vietnam. Laos and Cambodia were liberated. But in 1954, America created an anti-communist seat. From 1955 to 1958, Western countries established the anti-Russian Baghdad Pact or Cento and Russia established the Warsaw Pact. In 1955 AD, Russia recognized the government of West Germany and in 1956 did not support Britain and France on the question of nationalization of the Suez Canal. This reduced the Cold War. But due to the Eisenhower theory of 1957 AD, the Cold War became fierce, but in 1958 AD, due to the resolution of the Berlin crisis, the Cold War was greatly reduced.
Phase IV (1959–1962)
In this phase the US and Russia tried to reduce the Cold War. Meanwhile, Russian Prime Minister Khuschaev visits America and Eisenhaber visited Russia, and the summit in Paris reduced the Cold War. But relations with the U-2 incident became bitter but due to Khushchaev, the Cold War did not increase. Khuschaev, along with Kennedy, also tried to reduce the impact of the Cold War. Under these efforts, the Cuban crisis of 1962 was also averted.
The fifth phase (1962–1972)
The way in which efforts were being made to reduce the Cold War in the fourth phase. Under this, the collapse of the Cold War started in this phase and Russia-America improved its relations. In this era, there were treaties banning nuclear tests, direct relations were made. In 1963 AD, the new princes resolved to follow the old policies. The Vietnam War in 1964 AD and the Arab-Israeli War in 1967 led to an increase in the Cold War in both. The Berlin crisis was averted in 1969. In 1972, both of them reached an agreement in Korea, similarly East and West Germany were settled, thus reducing the Cold War.
Origin/Rise of the Cold War
Many factors were responsible for the creation of a situation like the Cold War in the history of the world. For example, due to mutual distrust, breach of promise, secret treaties and agreements, fierce national sentiment, interference in the internal issues of mutual countries and trade and problems arising between different countries, a situation like cold war was created.
The Cold War was between two great powerful powers of the world, in which America was on the one hand and Russia on the other, in which they laid siege to each other militarily and economically with the latest fierce weapons and atomic bombs and attacked each other either by attacking or on the other. There is a race to form factions to aid the attack. Russia was always afraid of America and America was always afraid of Russia. Therefore, the cold war of both keeps happening at every level. That is why organizations like NATO and SEAT have been formed. Following were the reasons for the start of Cold War-
1. Invention of the Atomic Bomb
One of the major reasons for the start of the Cold War was the creation of atomic bombs by the US, which it used to destroy Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Atomic bomb research by America was going on for a long time. He had given this information to Britain, but kept this secret hidden from the Soviet Union. This caused a rift in the friendship between the Soviet Union and the Western nations.
2. Blockade of Berlin
The Soviet Union blockaded Berlin in 1948 in violation of the London Protocol, closing all traffic (road, water and rail) between West Berlin and West Germany. The Western nations complained about the above action of the Soviet Union in the Security Council, calling it a threat to peace.
3. Communist Movement
In the opinion of some thinkers of the origin of the Cold War, the Communist Revolution of 1917 was the Soviet Union.
4. Conflict of Interest
The Cold War was actually a conflict of national interest. After the Second World War, the interests of the Soviet Union and America clashed on many issues.
5. Anti-Soviet Propaganda by the West
During the war, anti-Soviet statements were being made by Western nations. Its governance system was also given the label of dictatorial government, due to which the enmity in the mind of the Soviet Union increased.
6. Power Struggle
International politics is the politics of power struggle. Whatever is the most powerful nation in the world, it is necessary to have a struggle for supremacy. After the Second World War, the Soviet Union and America emerged as two powerful states, so it was necessary to have a mutual struggle to establish world domination.
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